Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biologicalprocesses that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Knownreceptors bind S1 are ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. The spike (S) glycoprotein ofcoronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. Mostnotable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike(S) glycoprotein alone can mediate the membrane fusion required for virus entry and cell fusion. It is also a major immunogenand a target for entry inhibitors. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells throughinteraction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits,S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor.S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizingantibodyand T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
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